The synthesis of large
unilamellar vesicles (LUV) or liposomes of DOPG lipids has been previously
reported49 (link),50 (link) and is discussed in more detail in the Supporting Information. DOPG was purchased from
Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. in powder form. Citric acid monohydrate
(≥99.0%), potassium hydroxide purified pellets (≥85%),
and malachite green chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The
molecular structure of the malachite green cation, C23H25N2+, is shown in Figure S4a of the Supporting Information. The colloidal liposomes
are characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta-potential
measurements using a Zetasizer Nano ZS from Malvern Instruments Inc.,
U.K. All measurements of the DOPG liposomes in this study are conducted
in 5 mM citrate buffer with pH 4.0. The average diameter of the DOPG
liposomes is measured to be 137 ± 42 nm with a polydispersity
index of 0.07. Similarly, the corresponding zeta potential is determined
to be −73.2 ± 1.1 mV.
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