The IECs were isolated from jejunum (mid gut) using a modified protocol adapted from Paim et al. [25 (link),34 (link),45 (link)]. The viability and numbers of IECs were determined by the trypan blue exclusion method (70–80%). qRT-PCR was performed using equal amounts of total RNA (75 ng) with Power SYBR Green RNA-to-CT 1 step RT-PCR kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA, USA). The gene-specific primers for enteroendocrine cells (chromogramin A (CgA)), goblet cells (mucin 2 (MUC2)), transient amplifying progenitor cells (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)), intestinal epithelial stem cells (transcription factor SRY-box9 (SOX9)), enterocytes (villin), and β-actin were based on previously published data [25 (link),46 (link),47 (link),48 (link)]. Relative gene expressions of CgA, MUC2, PCNA, SOX9, and villin were normalized to β-actin and expressed as fold change using the 2−ΔΔCt method [49 (link)].
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