Whole cell lysates (WCL) were prepared in lysis buffer containing 0.1% Triton, dithiothreitol, and protease inhibitor cocktail tablets (CPIC) (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) for 30min on ice and then spun at 16,000xg for 5min at 4°C. WCL samples were probed for caspase-3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), caspase-9 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), caspase-8 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), caspase-1 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), ICAM-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), and VCAM-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX). Nuclear (Nuc) and cytoplasmic (Cyto) protein fractions were prepared by using the CelLytic NuCLEAR extraction kit (Millipore Sigma, Merck KGaM, Darmstadt, Germany) and probed for cyclinB1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), γH2AX (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), and NF-κB-p65 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). Protein extraction from serum-free supernatant media using an adopted methanol-mediated extraction protocol (Shi et al. 2012 (link)) was used to probe in conjunction with WCL or Nuc/Cyto fractions for pro-inflammatory molecules Gasdermin D (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), HGMB-1 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), IL-1α (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), IFNβ (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), and IL-1β (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA).