Bacteria and bacterial DNA were prepared as described previously with minor modifications.26 (link),27 In brief, the bacterial DNA was isolated by the enzymatic lysis method using lysozyme (Sigma-Aldrich Co. LCC., Tokyo, Japan) and achromopeptidase (Wako). The DNA samples were purified by treatment with RNase A (Wako), followed by precipitation with 20% PEG solution (PEG6000 in 2.5 M NaCl). The DNA was pelleted by centrifugation, rinsed with 75% ethanol, and dissolved in TE buffer.