The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the material using the method as previously described [26 (link)]. Trolox (CAS: 53188-07-1, ACROS Organics™, Morris, NJ, USA) was used as a standard to determine the antioxidant activities of the samples and all results were expressed as µmol Trolox equivalent (TE) per g sample.
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