Rhodioloside (purity > 99%, CAS:10338-51-9, wkq, China); PHTPP (CAS:ab145148, Abcam, UK); Mdivi-1 (S276713, Selleck, USA); Estradiol (B24215, Shanghai Yuanye, China); Thread bolus (A5-243450, CINONTECH, China); Electron microscopy xative (G1102, Servicebio, China); TTC (298-96-4, Servicebio, China); CINONTECH, China); electron microscopy xative (G1102, Servicebio, China); TTC (298-96-4, Solarbio, China); Evans blue (E2129, Sigma, Germany); E2/SOD/MDA (A001-3-2, A006-2-1, A005-2-1, Nanjing Jianjian Bioengineering Institute, China); BCA protein quanti cation kit (P0012, Beyotime, USA); ERβ (ab149467, Abcam, USA); LC3II/I (81004-1-RR, Proteintech, China); BNIP3 (ab109362 Abcam, USA); NIX (12986-1-AP, Proteintech, China); goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (ab150077, abcam, USA).