Standardized automated immunohistochemistry is performed using the Benchmark Ultra IHC platform with OptiView DAB IHC detection (Ventana Medical Systems) per manufacturer specification. Primary antibody (anti-phospho-TDP-43 (pS409); Cat#: TIP-PTD-P03, Cosmo Bio) [22 (link)] is incubated at 1/1000 for 32 minutes at 36°C following antigen 40 minutes retrieval without amplification.
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