Western blotting was performed as previously described [51 (link), 52 (link)]. Briefly, cells were collected and lysed in RAPI buffer. Cleared total cell lysate was denatured by boiling and loaded onto a 10% gradient SDS–PAGE. After electrophoretic separation, proteins were transferred to an Immobilon-P membrane. Membrane was blocked with SuperBlock Blocking Buffer, and probed with the primary antibody, anti-HIF-1α, anti-VEGF, anti-p-Akt, anti-β-actin (Santa Cruz, CA) and anti-p-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology, Vancouver, Canada), followed by incubation with a secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The proteins of interest were detected by using SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate kit.
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