Growth and performance of the different strains were tested in 15 ml cultures, grown in upright tissue culture flasks (Corning, part #3056), inoculated at a starting OD730 of 0.1, and measured in a 1 cm-light path UV mini1240 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu) using AD7 as blank. Evaporative water loss was estimated by average weight loss across culture vessels and compensated by daily addition of corresponding volume of sterile MQ water. Whole-cell spectra (between 400 and 730 nm) were recorded in a UV2600i spectrophotometer (Shimadzu), as described above.
All cloning steps were performed using Escherichia coli Stellar supercompetent cells (TaKaRa), grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with the appropriate antibiotics, as indicated.