Surface-spread chromosomes of mouse spermatocytes were prepared from 18 days postpartum male mice using the drying-down technique as previously described33 (link). Immuno-staining was performed as previously described33 (link) using the following primary and secondary antibodies: goat anti-SYCP3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-20845; 1:200), rabbit anti-MSH4 (a gift from Dr. Paula Cohen; 1:200), mouse monoclonal anti-MLH1 (4C9C7) (Cell Signaling Technology, 3515S; 1:30), AMCA anti-goat (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 705–155-147; 1:50), Cy3 anti-rabbit (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 711–165-152; 1:100), and AlexaFluor647 anti-mouse (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 715–605-151; 1:100).