The immortalized human male germline stem cells and human primary SSCs were lysed with RIPA buffer (Santa Cruz) for 30 min on ice. Cell lysates were cleared by centrifugation at 12,000 g, and the concentrations of total proteins were measured by BCA kit (Dingguo Company, China). Twenty micrograms of cell lysates from each sample were resolved by SDS-PAGE (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA), and Western blots were performed according to the protocol as described previously1 (link). The chosen antibody included SV40 (Santa Cruz), PCNA (Santa Cruz), RET (Santa Cruz), UCHL1 (AbD Serotec), and ACTB (Proteintech). After extensive washes in PBS, the blots were detected by chemiluminescence (Chemi-Doc XRS, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA).
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