For propidium iodide (PI) staining (Sigma-Aldrich) skin tissue specimens were fixed with paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin [72 (link)]. 5-µm sections were prepared. The slides were analyzed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Fluorescent staining was analyzed using a Zeiss LSM 710 CLSM (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) fitted with a Plan-Apochromat 63 × 1.4 objective as previously described [73 (link)]. The PI-stained slides were performed in triplicates.
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