The specimens from the bladder patients who underwent surgical resection were cut to 4 μm thick sections, were then formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded for IHC, as described previously (33 (link)). The primary antibodies used are as follows: CD48 (No.133506, Abcam), MAP4K1 (No.33910, Abcam), IL16 (No.184161, Abcam), CYTIP (No.154847, Abcam), and PTPRC (No.40763, Abcam). Image Pro Plus 6.0 (Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD, United States) was employed to measure the positive area of hub genes for quantitative analysis.
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