Total RNA was purified from human femoral head tissue, rat femoral head tissue, and HUVECs using TRIzol (Invitrogen, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions [26 (link)]. cDNA was generated from the total RNA extracted from tissues or cells with a reverse transcription reaction kit (TAKARA, Japan). The cDNA was used as a template for subsequent qPCR assays. The forward and reverse primers used in this study are shown in Table 1.
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