The surgical specimens were staged according to the criteria of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (eighth edition)31 (link) by two expert oncopathologists independently. Routine H&E staining of primary tumors was assessed for pathological regression according to the criteria of the College of American Pathologists/National Comprehensive Cancer Network.32 Since there is no consensus about carcinoma in situ (CIS) classification, we considered CIS as a pCR as stated in the Miller and Payne system for breast cancer.33 (link) Scanned slides containing lymph node slices were identified, reviewed, and classified, as described previously.34 (link) Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was determined using the 22C3 pharmDx kit (Dako North America, Carpinteria, California, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and the combined positive score (CPS) was defined as reported previously.11 (link)
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Tumor Staging and PD-L1 Assessment
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Corresponding Organization : Nanjing Medical University
Other organizations : Simcere Pharmaceutical (China)
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Variable analysis
independent variables
- Surgical specimens staged according to the criteria of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (eighth edition)
- Routine H&E staining of primary tumors assessed for pathological regression according to the criteria of the College of American Pathologists/National Comprehensive Cancer Network
- Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression determined using the 22C3 pharmDx kit (Dako North America, Carpinteria, California, USA)
- Pathological regression of primary tumors
- Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression
- Surgical specimens staged independently by two expert oncopathologists
- Scanned slides containing lymph node slices identified, reviewed, and classified as described previously
- Positive control: Not specified
- Negative control: Not specified
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