Ictal discharges were induced by injecting 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, 15 mM, 0.5 μl) through a single-barreled glass microelectrode using a Nanoject II injector (Drummond Scientific, Broomall, PA). A second single-barreled glass microelectrode (impedance, 2-4 MΩ) filled with 0.9% saline was positioned < 1 mm from the 4-AP electrode and lowered to a depth of 300∼500 μm into the neocortex. Extracellular local field potential (LFP) was amplified and filtered between 0.1 and 500 Hz using a DAB-S system (World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL), and digitized at 1000 Hz by a CED Power 1401 (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data was recorded by a PC running the Spike2 software (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK).
Protocol detail
Induction of Ictal Discharges in Neocortex
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Other organizations : Cornell University
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Variable analysis
independent variables
- 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) injection (15 mM, 0.5 μl)
- Extracellular local field potential (LFP)
- Position of the second single-barreled glass microelectrode (<1 mm from the 4-AP electrode, depth of 300-500 μm into the neocortex)
- Amplification and filtering of the extracellular LFP (0.1-500 Hz)
- Digitization of the LFP at 1000 Hz
- No positive or negative controls were explicitly mentioned.
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