Human VSMCs (ATCC, USA) were grown in Ham's F-12 K medium (Gibco/BRL life Technologies, Germany) containing 10 % fetal bovine serum (Hyclone, USA), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin, and placed under humidified conditions of 37 °C, 5% CO2. VSMCs were treated with 50 μg/mL Ox-LDL (Peking Union Biology Company, China) for 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h to establish an in vitro AS model.14 (link)
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