The present study was based on the Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) database and tissue bank16 (link)17 (link)18 (link). The database was constructed from June 2008 to March 2011 for quality assurance at 2 medical centers and their 3 affiliated hospitals and two local hospitals in different cities in Taiwan19 (link). Before confirmatory tests, all antihypertensive medications were discontinued for at least 21 days. Diltiazem and/or doxazosin were administered to control markedly high blood pressure when required1 (link). Patients with an abnormal aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) were confirmed with PA by saline infusion tests, and subsequently underwent imaging studies for subtype identification (figures S1 and S2).
PA confirmation and subtype studies were established in hypertensive patients according to the standard protocol of TAIPAI59 , including adrenal venous sampling and NP-59 scintigraphy with SPECT-CT imaging16 (link)17 (link)18 (link)20 (link) (see the supplementary file). Patients who were diagnosed with family type I (FH-I)/GRA were excluded via long-range polymerase chain reaction, as described previously21 (link).
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