Imaging and 3D reconstructions of negatively stained GroEL, β-Galactosidase, and 20S Proteasome were performed as previously described.14 (link) Briefly, images were collected on a Technai G2 Spirit BioTwin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) defoci ranging from 0.5μm to 2μm using SerialEM software version 3.8.7.(Acquisition settings summarized in Supplementary Table 1.) and 3D reconstruction was performed using cis-TEM (https://cistem.org/). Model fitting and figure creation was performed on UCSF ChimeraX version 1.3 (https://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimerax/).