Apoptosis and Autophagy Regulation in E. cava

The DK from E. cava was prepared in previous our studies [20 (link),23 (link),25 (link)]. The MTT was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The Z-VAD-fmk, 3MA, HCQ, E64D, and pepstatin A were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). The primary antibodies against caspase-3 (#2696), cleaved caspase-3 (#9664), PARP (#9542), cleaved PARP (#5625), Bcl-2 (#4223), Bax (#5023), Bim (#2933), Bak (#12105), LC3B (#3868) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62, sc-28359) and LAMP-1, (sc-20011) were purchased from Santa Cruz (St. Dallas, TX, USA), and actin (MAB1501) was purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). All the remaining chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany).