MAI (CH3NH3I) was synthesized from CH3NH2 and HI based on the reported literature44 (link). Lead acetate (Pb(Ac)2) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and was dehydrated before use45 (link). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, PVP AI4083) was purchased from Heraeus Clevios. [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) was purchased from C-Nano Tech. 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline was purchased from Alfa Aesar. All the liquid reagents, including DMF, chlorobenzene (CB) and chloroform (CF) were purchased from Acros and used as received.
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