GSC11, GSC23, GSC262, GSC811, GSC214, GSC231 and GSC267, GS2, GS272 and GS711 patient-derived glioma stem cell lines were cultured as neurospheres passaged every 4-7 days in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium containing B-27 Supplement (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA), EGF (Gold Bio Technology) and bFGF (FGF2 Gold BioTechnology, St. Louis, MO) (21 (link)). U251HF glioma cells were kindly provided by Dr. W. K. Alfred Yung (M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX). The generation and maintenance of the chemiluminescent U251HF-Luc and GSC811-Luc cells were as previously described (16 (link),22 (link)). Cell lines were authenticated at the University of Arizona Genetics Core (https://uagc.arl.arizona.edu/services/complete-solutions/cell-line-authentication). Onalespib (AT13387) was purchased from Medkoo Biosciences, Inc. (Morrisville, NC). Ionizing radiation was delivered alone or in combination with onalespib as described in figure legend.