99+% pure by LC-MS) embedded in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF, Sigma-Aldrich,
MW ≈ 534 000 by GPC) were prepared as described previously.18 (link) Films were ∼300 nm thick as determined
by ellipsometry, with sample preparation tailored to express the ferroelectric
β phase of PVDF, as described in the literature.19 Heavily dyed samples demonstrated no degradation
in fluorescence intensity or optical density over periods of months.