As described previously [9 (link)], recombinant human DAF (rhDAF) and biotinylated anti-human DAF were obtained from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN). Antibodies such as mouse anti-HMGB1, mouse anti-rat endothelial cell, rabbit anti-RAGE, Chicken anti-mouse C3/3a, and rabbit anti-NF-κB were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA)., and rabbit anti-caspase-1 antibody was obtained from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA). Mouse anti-ratC3a receptor (C3aR) was acquired from Hycult Biotech Inc (Plymouth Meeting, PA). Conjugated secondary antibodies (goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488, goat anti-rabbit 594, goat anti-chicken 594), and ProLong Gold Antifade reagent were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA).
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