Immunohistochemistry was used to detect bronchial vascular biomarkers. The primary monoclonal antibodies against mouse transcription factor (ERG, 1:80), epidermal growth factor (EGF, 1:100), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, 1:400), endothelin-1 (1:600), angiogenin (1:400) and amphiregulin (1:500) were purchased from Abcam (Hong Kong, China). The primary monoclonal antibody against mouse Von Willebrand factor (vWF, 1:50) was purchased from CHEMICON International, Inc. MA 01730. The PAP (peroxidase anti-peroxidase) technique was used as previously described [13 (link)-15 (link)]. Positively staining cells were detected using the glucose oxidase-DAB-nickel method [19 (link)]. At least 8 random high-power fields (200 × total magnification) of each mice in the 3 groups should be independently analysed by 2 observers in a blinded fashion on a Leica DM6000B microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) connected with a Leica Application Suite Version 3.6. The data were expressed as percentages of positive stained areas per unit area of entire lung sections.
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