Whole body lean mass and fat mass were measured in avertin-anesthetized mice using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined enzymatically according to the manufacturer’s guidance (Applygen). For the glucose tolerance test, mice were fasted overnight for 16 h and then injected intraperitoneally with 1.5 g/kg body weight glucose. For the insulin tolerance test, mice were fasted for 6 h starting at 8 am and then injected with 1 IU/kg body weight insulin. Blood glucose levels were measured with a portable glucometer (Accu-Chek, Roche) at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after injection. Serum insulin levels were measured by Mouse Ultrasensitive Insulin ELISA kits (Alpco) as described before [17 (link)].
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