Rubiscolin-6 (YPLDLF) was synthesized by a solid-phase fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based strategy and an automated peptide synthesizer (Model Pioneer; Thermo Fisher Scientific), as previously described (23 (link)). The crude peptide was purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Delta 600 HPLC System) using a Develosil ODSHG-5 column (2×25 cm; Nomura Chemical Co., Ltd.). High purity of the purified peptide was confirmed by analytical HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analysis.