The secretion of Ipa proteins after Congo red induction was carried our as previously described [11 (link)]. The total level of protein expression was revealed via western blot using monoclonal anti-IpaB H16 [57 (link)] and polyclonal anti-IpaH [58 (link)], anti-RNAP α subunit (gift from Prof. Akira Ishihama, Hosei University, Koganai, Tokyo) and anti-λ cI (gift from Prof. Ann Hochschild, Harvard Medical School, Boston). Goat anti-mouse DyLight 800 (Fisher Scientific) or goat anti-rabbit Alexa 680 (Invitrogen) conjugates were used as secondary antibodies. The membranes were then visualized using an Odyssey infrared imaging system (LI-COR Biosciences).
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