Fructosamine (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) and glycated albumin and serum albumin (GA-L; Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were measured in 2012–2013 using a Roche Modular P800 system from serum collected at visit 2 and stored at −70°C (3 (link)). Percent glycated albumin was calculated per the manufacturer’s protocol: [(glycated albumin concentration in g/dL/serum albumin concentration in g/dL)*100/1.14] + 2.9. We also examined total glycated albumin (g/dL) as well as serum albumin (g/dL) to help distinguish genetic factors specific to serum protein concentration versus hyperglycemia.
Serum glucose was measured on the Roche Hitachi 911 analyzer using the hexokinase method (Roche Diagnostics), and HbA1c was measured from whole blood stored at −70°C using high-performance liquid chromatography, standardized to the assay used in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) (27 (link)).
Serum glucose was measured on the Roche Hitachi 911 analyzer using the hexokinase method (Roche Diagnostics), and HbA1c was measured from whole blood stored at −70°C using high-performance liquid chromatography, standardized to the assay used in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) (27 (link)).
