Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. root was obtained from the local market “El-Gelany” of Menoufia in January 2022. Dr Esraa Ammar from the Plant Ecology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, kindly verified the plant identification. A voucher specimen (PG-A-SC-W-12) was kept at the Plant Ecology Department. Saussurea costus root powder (300 g) was extracted with 70% methanol in water three times. Next, the aqueous extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield SCRE residue (23.09 g).
HPLC analysis of the SCRE was performed according to Seliem et al. [41 (link)] with some modifications. The SCRE was analyzed using an Agilent 1260 series instrument and Eclipse C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm i.d., 5 µm). Separation was performed at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of water (reservoir A) and 0.5% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (reservoir B) at a concentration of 0.1%. The mobile phase was sequentially programmed with a linear gradient as follows: 0 min (82%A); 0–5 min (80%A); 5–8 min (60%A); 8–12 min (60%A); 12–15 min (82%A); 15–16 min (82%A); and 16–20 (82%A). A multi-wavelength UV detector was used for detection at 280 nm. The injection volume for each sample solution was 5 μL. The column temperature was retained at 40 °C.
HPLC analysis of the SCRE was performed according to Seliem et al. [41 (link)] with some modifications. The SCRE was analyzed using an Agilent 1260 series instrument and Eclipse C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm i.d., 5 µm). Separation was performed at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of water (reservoir A) and 0.5% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (reservoir B) at a concentration of 0.1%. The mobile phase was sequentially programmed with a linear gradient as follows: 0 min (82%A); 0–5 min (80%A); 5–8 min (60%A); 8–12 min (60%A); 12–15 min (82%A); 15–16 min (82%A); and 16–20 (82%A). A multi-wavelength UV detector was used for detection at 280 nm. The injection volume for each sample solution was 5 μL. The column temperature was retained at 40 °C.
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