293T CRL-3216 cells were purchased from ATCC. All cells are regularly tested and are mycoplasma free. HEK293T and HeLa cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin (GIBCO) at 37°C with 5% CO2). Replication deficient VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 virions were produced in HEK293T cells using the packaging plasmid pMDG2, which encodes VSV-G envelope (Addgene plasmid # 12259), pNL4-3-derived pCRV GagPol (HIV-1 clade B)[32 (link)], and pCSGW[33 (link)] as described previously[34 (link)]. Mutagenesis of CA was performed using the QuickChange method (Stratagene) against pCRV GagPol. The HIV-1 clade B infectious molecular clone pNL4-3 was used for all passage and virus release experiments. Mutant constructs were generated with the NEB Q5 site directed mutagenesis kit (NEB E0554).