In the pancreas and liver tissues of 2-, 4- and 7-day-old neonates, western blot analysis of insulin promoter factor, duodenal homeobox gene-1 (PDX-1) and anti-apoptosis factor B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was carried out as previously described (18 (link)). Primary antibodies included rabbit anti-PDX-1 diluted at 1:4,000 (#2437, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-Bcl-2 diluted at 1:4,000 (AB1722, Millipore), rabbit anti-betatrophin diluted at 1:4,000 (ab180915, Abcam), rabbit anti-Bax diluted at 1:1,000 (#2772T, Cell Signaling Technology) and rabbit anti-β-tubulin diluted at 1:2,000 (#2128, Cell Signaling Technology). The intensity of bands was analyzed using Quantity One Software (Bio-Rad). Peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody was diluted at 1:8,000 (ZB2301, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China). The protein concentration was measured using Quantity One Software (Bio-Rad).