TMAO concentrations were quantified in serum samples using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as previously described [62 (link)]. The NMR spectra were analyzed in a Bruker Avance IVDr 600 MHz spectrometer (Bruker Biospin, Rheinstetten, Germany) and processed using the TopSpin program (Bruker Biospin, Germany). Three NMR spectra were analyzed separately for each sample. The intensity of the TMAO peaks were measured for all spectra and the concentrations in each sample were calculated with fitted calibration curves.
Free full text: Click here