TA was administered after anesthesia induction. The administration of TA was under the consideration of anesthesiologists. TA was given at a dose of 54.83 mg/kg (median) with an interquartile range (IQR) from 42.73 to 72.46 mg/kg in elderly patients. The median TA dose was 70.42 mg/kg (IQR 60.24–80.64 mg/kg) in patients in the high-dose group, while the median was 40.76 mg/kg (IQR 35.30–44.78 mg/kg) in patients in the low-dose group. Cell salvage was used during the operation for blood conservation (Fresenius Kabi C.A.T.S.®plus, Fresenius Kabi AG, Bad Homburg, Germany). For on-pump surgeries, the activated clotting time (ACT) was maintained higher than 410 s with a heparin dose of 400 IU/kg, and for off-pump surgeries, the ACT was higher than 300 s with a heparin dose of 200 IU/kg. Additional doses of heparin were given according to the dynamic changes in act during the operation. The ratio of protamine to heparin (1 mg protamine: 100 units heparin) was 1:1; this ratio was used for neutralization. More protamine was added in consideration of hemostasis, ACT value and the recommendation of surgeons.
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