Kidney tissues were snap frozen embedded in OCT. Immunohistochemistry was performed as previously described [33 (link)]. Photomicrographs (400× or 200×) were taken using an Olympus BX41 microscope (Center Valley, PA). The following primary antibodies were used: anti-CD4, anti-CD8 (both from eBioscience, San Diego, CA), and anti-insulin (Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA). Immunohistochemistry was performed as well on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections related to the graft. Photomicrographs (original magnification 40×) were taken using an Olympus BX41 microscope (Center Valley, PA). The antibodies used were Mouse anti-CD31 (PECAM-1) (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Histology was evaluated by an expert pathologist.