The inclusion and exclusion criteria are listed in Table 1 . Volunteers between the ages of 21 and 65 years with acute, sub-acute or chronic low back pain who are willing and able to sign informed consent documents are eligible for this study. Participants must also have a numerical pain rating scale (NRS) greater than or equal to 4 (on a scale of 0 - 10) at either the initial computer assisted telephone interview (CATI ) or the baseline 1 in-person interview. In addition, NRS measurements cannot be less than 2 at any screening visit.
Exclusion criteria have been developed to screen out patients with: safety concerns for either SM or the sensorimotor testing (e.g. bleeding disorders, sensitivity to tape, contra-indication to SM, pregnancy); unconfirmed safety (e.g. joint replacement, pacemaker); safety concern related to equipment weight capacity (e.g. extreme obesity with weight greater than or equal to 307 pounds); conditions that may result in intolerance to biomechanical testing or treatment protocols (e.g. vascular claudication, bone and joint abnormality, inflammatory or destructive tissue changes to the spine, osteoporosis, Quebec Task Force classification 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 [73 (link)]); overall condition too poor to tolerate treatment and biomechanical testing procedures; conditions that may interfere with data collection (e.g. neuromuscular diseases, peripheral neuropathies, prior spinal surgery); conditions that might interfere with data collection and ability to comply with study protocol (e.g. suspicion of drug or alcohol abuse, uncontrolled hypertension, depression according to the Beck Depression Inventory-II©); condition which requires surgical evaluation (e.g. cauda equina syndrome); and other concerns which may make it difficult to fully consent, interfere with study compliance, or constitute a possible data confounder (e.g. inability to read or verbally comprehend English), indicators for diagnostic procedures beyond dipstick urinalysis or x-rays, retention of legal advice for an open or pending case related to LBP and ongoing treatment for LBP by other health care providers.
Exclusion criteria have been developed to screen out patients with: safety concerns for either SM or the sensorimotor testing (e.g. bleeding disorders, sensitivity to tape, contra-indication to SM, pregnancy); unconfirmed safety (e.g. joint replacement, pacemaker); safety concern related to equipment weight capacity (e.g. extreme obesity with weight greater than or equal to 307 pounds); conditions that may result in intolerance to biomechanical testing or treatment protocols (e.g. vascular claudication, bone and joint abnormality, inflammatory or destructive tissue changes to the spine, osteoporosis, Quebec Task Force classification 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 [73 (link)]); overall condition too poor to tolerate treatment and biomechanical testing procedures; conditions that may interfere with data collection (e.g. neuromuscular diseases, peripheral neuropathies, prior spinal surgery); conditions that might interfere with data collection and ability to comply with study protocol (e.g. suspicion of drug or alcohol abuse, uncontrolled hypertension, depression according to the Beck Depression Inventory-II©); condition which requires surgical evaluation (e.g. cauda equina syndrome); and other concerns which may make it difficult to fully consent, interfere with study compliance, or constitute a possible data confounder (e.g. inability to read or verbally comprehend English), indicators for diagnostic procedures beyond dipstick urinalysis or x-rays, retention of legal advice for an open or pending case related to LBP and ongoing treatment for LBP by other health care providers.
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