The wild-type strain PH-1, ectopic transformant, and Δgil1 mutant strains of F. graminearum were routinely cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), complete medium (CM), or 5× YEG plates at 25 °C as described [42 (link),43 (link)]. Protoplast preparation and PEG (polyethylene glycerol)-mediated transformation of F. graminearum were performed as described [5 (link),42 (link)]. To test response against various stresses, vegetative growth was assayed on CM plates with 0.7 M NaCl NaCl (Guangdong Guanghua Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Shantou, China), 0.01% (w/v) SDS (MP Biomedicals, LLC, Solon, OH, USA), or 300 μg/mL Congo Red (SIGMA-ALDRICH Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) [13 (link),21 (link)].
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