A549 cells were cotransfected with p53-Luc plasmid (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and pRL-TK Renilla vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). After 24 h, the transfected cells were treated with passive lysis buffer at room temperature for 10 min. Cell lysates were then transferred to a plate, and luciferase assay reagent and stop reagent were added in sequence. Next, luciferase activity was measured using a Luciferase Assay System (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, as previously described31 (link).
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