For protein expression analysis, a standard immunoblotting protocol was followed as described previously (10 (link)). The antibodies used in this study were: anti-GDF15 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-RhoB total (Abcam), anti-phospho (Thr202/Tyr204) Erk1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-total Erk1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-phospho-c-Jun (S63, Abcam), and anti-total-c-Jun (Abcam). Antibodies against β-actin or β-tubulin were used as loading control.
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