M. tuberculosis isolates were obtained from a previous collection of samples from 1 Swedish patient during 9 years (1991–1999) of pulmonary tuberculosis [20 (link)]. The high sequence similarity strongly suggests that the patient carried the same single clone during 9 years without reinfection. The samples (populations) were collected at 8 different time points before and during treatment. Each sample was grown on Löwenstein-Jensen slants at 37°C to subsequently isolate up to 10 single colonies. The isolates were analyzed for phenotypic drug susceptibility using the BACTEC 460TB system (Becton and Dickinson). Both populations and individual isolates were kept frozen at −70°C until used in this study.