For positive reinforcement induced by vGAT-containing BNST-PBN projections, mice with optical fibers implanted above the PBN were trained in one 1-hour session to nose poke on a fixed-ratio 1 schedule for optical self-stimulation (3 s, 20 Hz, ~10 mW, 473 nm) in a mouse operant chamber (17.8 cm by 15.2 cm by 18.4 cm; Med Associates) (20 (link)). The following day, the mice were run again with the same conditions, and the number of nose pokes recorded in the hour session was recorded.