Calvaria explants from each group were stained using Stevenel’s Blue and counterstained with Van Gieson to visualize newly formed bone (NFB) tissue. Colored microscopic images of the medial (central) sagittal histologic sections were acquired under 10x magnification using Nikon Eclipse Ti-U camera with automatic stage, then merged using Nikon software to stich each image as one figure. The newly formed bone area (B.Ar.) and the total defect area (T.Ar.) were quantified using Image J software to calculate the NFB in % followed by the standardized protocol30 (link).
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