Western blot was performed as described previously [87 (link)]. Lysates of HMDMs or their EVs were prepared in RIPA buffer supplemented with cOmplete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Anti-Alix (1A12, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, USA), anti-CD63 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-Calnexin (AF18, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-cytochrome c (A-8, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-TLR7 (4F4, sc-57463, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were used as primary antibodies.
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