All cell lines were cultured in a humidified incubator at 37° C and 5% C02 in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and Pen/Strep solution (Biological industries). The human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 was maintained in DMEM (Biological industries). The human colon cancer isogenic RKO cell lines were kindly provided by Prof. Bert Vogelstein (The Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA) and maintained in McCoy’s 5A medium supplemented with 2mM L-glutamine. The non-small lung carcinoma cell line, NCI-H1299, was maintained in RPMI-1640. iPSCs were generated as previously described [31 (link)] and maintained on irradiated MEFs in ES medium [DMEM (Biological Industries) containing 15% FCS, 5 mg recombinant human LIF (Millipore), 1 mM glutamine (Biological Industries), 1% nonessential amino acids (Biological Industries), 0.1 mM β-mercaPtoethanol (Invitrogen), 60μg/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Biological Industries)]. Intestinal organoids were generated as previously described [15 (link)]. SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium. Mycoplasma test is being performed routinely.