IHC analyses were performed on formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate tissue sections (31 (link)). Briefly, tissue sections were deparaffinized with serial incubation and washing in xylene, 100-70% ethanol and water followed by antigen unmasking with citrate buffer. The samples were then blocked for 1h at room temperature and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Proteins were detected with biotinylated secondary antibodies, followed by peroxidase-conjugated avidin/biotin (Vector Laboratories) and 3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate (Dako) and then visualized with light microscopy. Quantification of IHC analyses for pS6Ribo was scored based on a four point scale criteria from negative (0+) to intense (3+) as described elsewhere (33 (link)). For IF staining (34 (link)), paraffin embedded prostate tissue sections were detected with fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies and visualized using an Olympus BX60 fluorescence microscope. Toluidine blue staining was used to identify mast cells as described elsewhere (35 (link)). Briefly, tissue sections were deparaffinized, stained with 0.1% toluidine blue solution for 1 minute, washed with water, dehydrated with 70-100% ethanol and xylene solution. Mast cells were visualized and counted with light microscopy.