Lentivirus particles producing either non-targeted control (C) shRNAs or those targeting human RAD51 (R) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO, USA. Cells (2×105 per well) were seeded into 24-well plates one day before transduction. On the day of transduction, medium was replaced with fresh medium containing hexadimethrine bromide at a final concentration of 8 μg/ml. Lentiviral particles (25 μl) were added to each well, mixed and incubated at 37 °C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2. After 16 h, the virus-containing medium was replaced with fresh medium and cells maintained in culture. On the next day, cells were trypsinized and transferred to 25 cm2 flasks. After another 48 h, puromycin was added to the medium at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml. Suppression of HsRAD51 protein expression was confirmed by western blotting after 7 days of puromycin selection.