Western blot analyses were performed as described previously 6 (link), 15 (link). Total protein of LoVo and HCT116 was extracted before and after treatment and the concentration was determined. The total protein was separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Amersham Hybond-P PVDF Membrane; GE Healthcare). The primary antibody used was CK7, with β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich) used as a control.