The total RNAs were extracted from cells using total RNA kit (Tiangen, Beijing, China). cDNA was synthesized using ReverTra Ace RT Master Mix (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan). qPCR assay was performed to assess the relative abundances of AMBRA1 and GAPDH mRNAs using specific primers (Table 3), stained by SYBR Green (Tiangen) on the CFX96 real-time PCR system (Bio-Rad, California, USA). The relative abundances of AMBRA1 were normalized to that of GAPDH, using the 2ΔΔCt method [15 (link)]. All data were obtained from three independent experiments.
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