Participants from central North Carolina and Texas were recruited in hospital-based outpatient general pediatrics and subspecialty clinics and in public school settings between January 2007 and May 2008. School-based participants were recruited through elementary after school programs as well as middle and high school required health classes. Parental informed consent and minor assent were obtained for all children taking the survey. A more detailed description of the study design is provided elsewhere [9 ].
The PROMIS anxiety and depressive symptoms items were randomly split between two test administration forms (Form 1 contained 9 anxiety items and 10 depressive symptom items; Form 2 contained 9 anxiety items and 11 depressive symptom items). Children were randomly assigned to complete one of the testing forms. Each of the anxiety and depressive symptoms PROMIS pediatric items was administered to at least 759 respondents. This sampling plan was developed for collecting responses to candidate items from the targeted PROMIS domains and accommodated multiple objectives including: (1) confirm the factor structure of the domains; (2) evaluate items for local dependence (LD) and DIF; and (3) calibrate the items for each domain using IRT.
All of these emotional distress items had a 7-day recall period and used standardized 5-point response options (never, almost never, sometimes, often, almost always). Table 1 shows the anxiety and depressive symptoms items administered during the testing.