Fear of COVID-19 was measured with the KF-COVID-19S, translated by Hwang et al. (2021) [20 (link)], and originated from the Fear of COVID-19 scale developed by Ahorsu et al. [2 (link)]. A total of seven items were present using a five-point Likert scale, and the score ranged from 7–35 points, with higher scores indicating a higher level of Fear of COVID-19. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was 0.88 in Hwang et al.’s study [20 (link)] and 0.82 in this study.
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